二.正确答案往往是段落重复两次以上的话题词
上一节是告诉读者重复的方式,了解重复的方式是提高抓住重复的效率的重要方针。但考生不需要太过于机械化的查找重复,不需要只注意到重复的方式,方式只不过是语法意义上的词汇衔接手段,最重要的是内容,有些细节可能也在重复,但关键是看首句的话题,以及到底哪个话题是该段重复率最高的,到底哪个重复词在该段反复被细节所支持,这才是关键。这节有三十个训练,通过近十年真题的经典自然段的分析来掌握重复词,所谓熟能生巧,理论上的东西脱离实践是无源之水,无本之木。
所以在自然段中反复练习,才能对这个理论达到一种内化的境界,最后考生的感觉应该是主动,积极,愉快地查找重复词,并在做与该题相关的题时,牢牢抓住重复词来对答案进行去粗取精,排除答案是与出题者斗智斗勇的过程。
Exercise以下都是历年来段落重复的最完美体现,段落的重复是识别正确答案的武器)
1. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. (02年的passage2)
The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means.
[A] programs. [B] experts. [C] devices. [D] creatures.
解析:选择[B]。首句中的“gizmos”被后面分类论述,分别是工厂,银行,医院中的机器人。所以gizmos指的是机器人,意思是设备。
2.Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game” of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. (03年passage 1)
The emergence of the Net has
[A]. received support from fans like Donovan.
[B]. remolded the intelligence services.
[C]. restored many common pastimes.
[D]. revived spying as a profession.
解析:internet-----net, espionage-----spying,re-made----reshaping---B. remolded,都是再说重新塑造。其中D的干扰性很大,文章谈到了间谍,但是恢复间谍服务和原文的重新塑造间谍服务的意思有很大的差距。
3. How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it. (99年passage 5)
The author asserts that scientists __
[A] shouldn't replace "scientific method" with imaginative thought
[B] shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals
[D]should be confident about their research findings
解析; 选择[ B],段落的结尾的this要还原,意思是上文的unpredictable(不可预测性),意思是科学家在写一成不变的报告时经常忘记不可预测性。不可预测性在重复,所以选[B]科学家不应该忽视研究不可预测性。
4.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.(2003年passage 3第3段)
It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that
[A]. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.
[B]. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.
[C]. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.
[D]. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.
解析:charge---overcharged-----C. overcharged,都是在说费用高,而B,D根本就没有这个词。段落的最后谈到了由于费用过高,所以上诉要求下调费用,但最终并未成功。A的意思是托运者将来只为一家铁路公司,而原文的意思是现在只有一家铁路公司,时态不一致。
5. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases. (01年passage 4)
According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _________.
[A]the greater customer demands
[B]a surplus supply for the market
[C]a growing productivity
[D]the increase of the world's wealth
解析:选择[B],首句提出了在兼并背后最主要的推动力,后面分析的推动力很多,其中最重要的是满足顾客的需求,扩大和顾客这两个关键词单一重复。
6. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bids by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market. (03年passage 3)
According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by
[A]. the continuing acquisition.
[B]. the growing traffic.
[C]. the cheering Wall Street.
[D]. the shrinking market.
解析:选择[A]。这道题问的是主要原因,一定是该段的主题词,这段主要是在分析铁路托运费用上涨的原因,其中谈到了[B].变化的交通,[C].华尔街的支持,都是费用上涨的原因,但[B].变化的交通,是投资的原因。[C].华尔街的支持,是贷款的原因,这些次要的原因。而真正的根本原因是[A].持续的兼并,acquire上下文重复两次。
6.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.(02年passage 1第4段)
To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered.
[A] in well-worded language.
[B] as awkwardly as possible.
[C] in exaggerated statements.
[D] as casually as possible.
解析:选择[D],这道题问的是幽默故事应该如何被制造。casual----- natural-----light-hearted,
7.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it. (02年passage 2第5段)
The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are.
[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.
[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.
[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.
[D] best used in a controlled environment.
解析:选择[C]。题干问用猴子的例子证明机器人如何,猴子的例子是为了首句中的观点,观点是人的大脑比机器人更加智慧,"人的大脑” 在反复重复,言外之意就是机器人没有人的大脑智慧。
8.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.(01年passage 2)
The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _________.
[A]providing financial support overseas
[B]preventing foreign capital's control
[C]building industrial infrastructure
[D]accepting foreign investment
解析:选择[D]。美国的例子是为了证明首句的主题,主题词是外国投资,本段在讲外国投资的好处,不应该把外国投资看成殖民主义。 |