有时,作者在文中并未把需要读者理解的所有意思直接表达出来,而期待读者能领悟文章的内在含义,即从字里行间来体会他想表达的意思。由于有的意思文中没有直接说明,读者必须根据文中所陈述内容的逻辑发展,上下文的联贯以及文中有关部分的暗示,作出判断或进行推理。
在阅读中,判断和推理的能力是十分重要的。只有具备这种能力,才有可能真正地弄懂文章中语言上没有明确表达却又隐含的意思,达到真正的理解。 一、判断 在阅读中,有时要求我们对文章中阐述的事实或细节,按照逻辑发展的规律进行分析和概括,并以此为依据得出结论。我们将这个过程称作“判断”。为了对所读材料作出正确的判断,以得出合乎逻辑的结论,我们必须仔细地阅读,准确地掌握事实,并对其进行认真的分析和思考。 例一:
The male and female mosquitoes make an odd couple. The female is a vampire and lives on blood. The male is a vegetarian that sips nectar and plant juices. Females of different species choose different hosts on which to dine. Some feed exclusively on cattle, horses, birds, and other warm-blooded creatures. Some favor cold-blooded animals. Still others prefer man.
While the female's menu varies, her bite remains the same. She drives her sharp tubular snout through the skin, injects a fluid to keep the blood from thickening, and drinks her fill, which takes a minute or less. It is the fluid she injects that carries disease. After her blood meal, she rests while her eggs develop. She then looks for a moist or flooded place to lay them.
根据文中the male is a vegetarian that sips nectar and plant juices我们可以得出结论:雄蚊相对地说对人类无害。根据文中The female is a vampire and lives on blood. Some feed on... warm-blooded creatures. Some favour cold-blooded animals. Still others prefer man. 我们可以得出结论:雌蚊对多数动物构成威胁。纵观全文,我们可作出判断:“蚊子应该被消灭。” |